Daniel Westermann

When you are working with triggers it might be important to know in which order they fire. Of course, a “before” triggers fires before an “after” trigger. But what happens if you have two or more triggers for the same event? Maybe you want to make sure that a specific trigger is executed first (for whatever reason) or you want to make sure that another trigger is executed last. The good news is: You can…

In the last post in this two post series we’ve briefly looked at configuring huge pages on Linux for PostgreSQL. It became clear, that calculating the number of huge pages purely based on the setting of shared_buffers will not work. PostgreSQL requires more shared memory, but what exactly is it? Well, this is the goal of this post and I’ll introduce a new feature of PostgreSQL 15 which helps in identifying those bits without digging…

Have you ever wondered if the value of shared_buffers is the only setting which controls how much shared memory PostgreSQL is actually using? There was a nice addition committed to PostgreSQL 15 recently, which helps in answering this question (more on that later). shared_buffers for sure is the biggest chunk of shared memory that PostgreSQL is using but there might be other factors which come into the game. You might ask yourself why that is…

One of the features which is currently missing in PostgreSQL is Temporal Tables. Other database systems have that since a long time and many people want to have in PostgreSQL as well. If you don’t know what it is, here is a short overview. Basically you can ask for a row as it was at a specific point in time. The patch which implements this, is currently in status “Ready for Committer”, which does not…

When parallel execution was introduced with PostgreSQL 9.6 it was quite limited and supported only a few operations to run in parallel. Over time more and more operations were enabled to run in parallel. When PostgreSQL 15 will be released next year it will come with parallel distinct. Here is an easy example:

Quite some time ago I’ve written about relation files in PostgreSQL and when they get created. In that post we talked about the files containing the actual data, the free space map (fsm) and the visibility map (vm). But this is not all, there is another kind of file you might spot if you take a look into the directory of a database.

When you are using PostgreSQL you should already know that PostgreSQL comes with a set of extensions by default. It might be that you need to install an additional package if you installed PostgreSQL with a package manager to get those extensions. Usually it is called something with “contrib” in its name. There is also the PostgreSQL Extension Network which list a lot of external extensions that might be useful for you. If you can’t…

When you run PostgreSQL workloads in production you must have a backup and restore implementation. Even for development instances, which are like production for the developers, a well-tested backup and restore procedure sometimes must be in place. Community PostgreSQL comes with pg_basebackup to help you with creating a full consistent backup of your PostgreSQL cluster. If you want to be able to do point in time recovery (PITR) you need to archive the WAL segments…

Time is moving fast and PostgreSQL 14 is already in beta 2. PostgreSQL 14 will ship with a lot of new features and in this post will look at a smaller one: There are three new predefined roles: pg_read_all_data, pg_write_all_data and pg_database_owner. While it seems to be obvious what the first two roles are about, the third one might sound strange at the beginning. Let’s have a look.